Consultancies provide expert advice and recommendations on a particular area to clients (either individuals or organisations). Consultancy organisations, which range from small to large, employ consultants to work with external parties.
There are consultants across numerous areas of business, including management, strategy, operations and IT. Consultancies range from freelancers to small and large organisations. Sometimes, organisations will have consulting departments in-house.
In consulting, you often see both generalists and specialists, and this is also the case when looking at roles in sustainability and the environment. A generalist will typically cover multiple issues and may bring in a specialist for a particular piece of work. A specialist would focus on a particular area, such as water, waste or ecology – they focus on a single issue within the wider environmental space.
Some consultancies will focus on a specific issue and will be the experts in that work. Others will employ both specialists and generalists. In addition, some consultants will have sector-specific expertise, due to experience in a certain industry, construction for example. If you are a generalist, it doesn’t mean you can’t specialise at some point in your career; it all depends on the role, experience and who you are working for.